Wrench



(No Model.) I

J. 0. COTTRELL.

WRENCH.

N0.461,771. Patented Oct. 20, 1891.

,w. ew

V i I 1980,1716? Jaiz 0 afflfii UNITED STATES JOHN ORREN COTTRELL, OF'RIVERSIDE, CALIFORNIA.

WRENCH,

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 461,771, dated October 20, 1891.

Application filed January 8,1891- Serial No. 377,147. (No model.)

T0 at wit/0172 23v nutty concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN ORREN COTTRELL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Riverside, in the county of San Bernardino and State of California, have invented a new and useful WVrench, of which the following is a specification.

This invention has relation to improvements in ratchet-Wrenches; and the objects in view are to provide a ratchet-wrench of cheap and simple construction designed to operate upon variously-sized nuts, either in applying or removing the same, and to provide means whereby the ratchet is designed to operatein either direct on or to be held rigid, so as to operate as an'ordinary rigid socket-wrench.

WVith the above objects in view the invention consists in certain features of construction hereinafter specified, and particularly pointed out in the claims.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective of a wrench constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a similar View, the top plate being removed. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section. Fig. at is a transverse section at one side of the bolt. Fig. 5 isa detail in perspective of the removable bushing. Fig. 6 is a detail view of the sliding bolt and its actuating-key.

Like numerals of reference indicate like parts in all the figures of the drawings.

In practicing my invention 1 form the ban die 1, head 2, and bottom plate 3 in a single piece, said bottom plate being extended beyond the head, as shown, and provided near its outer end with an annular bearing-opening 4. At its periphery or outer end the plate is provided with a curved flange 5 and upon its upper side in advance of the head 2 there is located ablock '6, the upper face of which is in the same plane as the flange and a slight distance below the plane of the head 2. I This block at its sides terminates short of the opposite side edges of the bottom plate and cornbines with the head and bottom plate to form curved sockets 7 in the sides of the head.

8 designates the top plate, the rear edge of which abuts and conforms to the front edge of the head 2 and at its outer end is rounded in conformity with the flange 5, to which it is secured by bolts or screws 9 and by similar means to the block 6. The plate Sis provided with an annular bearing-opening 10, similar in size and corresponding with the opening et of the plate 3. In these openings 10 and 4 there is mounted for rotation in either direction acylindrical hub 11, provided at its center in this instance with a square tapered opening 12 and upon the center of its periphery with an external ratchet 13.

14 designates a bushing rectangular or square in cross-section and having a bore 15 of corresponding shape, the bore and the exterior of the bushing being tapered and adapted to fit snugly, though removably, in the opening 12 of the hub. At itstapered end one face of the bushing is provided with a shallow recess 16, extending to the end of the bushing, and in the same and secured at its inner end to the bottom of the bushingisa flatspring-tongue 17, the outer end of which is lat erally bent, as shown, so that the same acts to retain the bushing removably in the square opening of the hub and against any accidental displa'cement, while at the same time said bushing may be withdrawn by exerting a little force.

Pivoted in the recesses 7 at opposite sides of the head, as at 18, is a pair of pawls 19, the free ends of which extend forwardly and meet the ends of the flange 5, at which points they are provided with inwardly-disposed shoulders designed to engage with the ratchet 13. The pawls 19 are curved in conformity with the block 6 and serve to close the space between the two plates, and hence prevent entrance of dust and other foreign matter liable to impair the working of the device. The block 6 is provided with a transverse .bore or hole 20, extending throughout the width of the same, and insaid bore is located a coiled spring 21, the ends of which are connected to the pawls 19 and serve to draw the pawls inwardly in a manner to engage the teeth of the ratchet. The upper face of the block 6 is provided with a transverse groove 21, said groove extending a short distance down each side of the block and communicating with the groove at the center of the block, and upon its upper face is a shallow recess 22. Abearing-opening 23 extends through the bottom of the recess 22 and terminates in the bottom plate 3. In the transverse recess or groove 21 there is mounted loosely for reciprocation a bolt 2t. This bolt has its opposite ends turned down, as at 25, into the sides or ends of the groove 21, and said bent ends are a slightly greater distance apart than the ends of the recess, so that said bolt may reciprocate transversely, as shown, and thus bear against and throw out either pawl 19. At its center and within the recess 22 the bolt is provided with an offset, loop, or bent portion 26. A key 28 is mounted loosely for rotation in the bearing-opening 23, passes through the upper plate 8, where it terminates in a head 30, and opposite the offset of the bolt is provided with a similar offset 31, which interlooks with the offset of the bolt. Now by turning the key in either direction, either to the right or left, the offset or bent portion thereof will act in a cam-like manner upon the bolt, thus throwing the same either to the right or left, and consequently throwing the corresponding pawl out of engagement with the ratchet, and thus adapting said ratchet to operate with that pawl remaining in engagement. The bolt and key are maintained in such relative position by reason of the offset ofthe key taking into the notch or seat formed in the offset of the bolt. In this mannernamely, by operating the keythe device is designed to be used as either a right or left hand ratchet-wrench for removing orapplying nuts of bolts without the necessity of removing the wrench from the nut at each turn of the latter. By partially rotating the key to throw the bottom of the offset of the same and that of the bolt in the same direction the bolt ceases to influence either pawl, and the two pawls are in engagement with the ratchet, so that the latter is immovable. It will be seen that the bushing labeingtapered is designed for two or more nuts of varying sizes and that by the substitution of other bushings having smaller or larger bores other sizes of nuts beyond the scope of the present bushing may be accommodated. The bushings 14 may be made of any shape desired, so that said bushings will fit various shapes of nuts.

Having described my invention, what I claim isl. In a wrench of the class described, the combination, with the handle terminating at its front end in a head and beyond the same in a plate provided with a cylindrical bearing-opening, a peripheral flange, and upon its upper face in front of the head with a block in the same plane as the flange and below that of the head and reduced at opposite sides to form recesses, of a removable plate mounted upon the block and flange and provided with bearing-openings, a ratchet provided at opposite sides with bearing-hubs mounted in the openings of the plates and provided with a nut-receiving opening, opposite pawls pivoted in the recesses, and means for maintaining the pawls in engagement with the ratchet and for throwing either or both out of such engagement,substantially as specified.

2. In a wrench of the class described, the combination, with the stock provided with opposite bearing-openings and an internal block having a transverse bore and upon its upper face a transverse groove and a recess communicating with the groove, of aratchet having a nut-receiving opening mounted in the hearings in the opposite sides of the stock, opposite pawls mounted in opposite recesses of the stock, a spring located in the bore of the block and connected with the pawls, a bolt mounted in the groove and provided with a central offset extending into the recess, and a key extending beyond the stock, terminat ing in ahead disposed at a right angle to the bolt, and having an offset interlocking with that of the bolt, substantially as specified.

3. In a wrench of the class described, the combination, with the stock comprising oppo' site plates having bearing-openings,and an internal block forming opposite recesses at the sides of the stock, said block being provided with a transverse bore, above the same with a transverse groove, and in rear of the groove with a shallow recess, of a pair of pawls pivoted in the recesses at the sides of the stock, a ratchet mounted in the bearingopenings of the plates, a coiled spring mounted in the bore of the block and connected at its ends to the pawls, a bolt mounted in the groove and having its ends inwardly bent into continuations of the grooves formed in the sides of the block and provided at its center with a rearwardly -disposed bend or offset, and a key journaled in bearings disposed at a right angle to the bolt, terminating at its outer end in a head, and provided below the same with a lateral offset or bend for engaging that of the bolt, said offset of the bolt being provided upon its inner sides and at each side of its bend with shallow depressions for engaging theend of the offset of the key, substantially as specified.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto aflixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN ORREN COTTRELL.

Witnesses:

S. G. DREW, D. F. SARBER. 

